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[Journal] Read the Basic Information

How to read the basic information of articles?

About authors in an article:
the first author is the person who did the most work of this article.
the last author is the person who conducted the whole research and was a leader of the team or a boss in the laboratory, and owned this article. If the article was awarded, the honor should be the last author.
the other author will be listed by the priority according to his or her contribution.
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外科腸胃道疾病照護

手術前 NPO 手術後 減壓引流管 Decompression - NG decompression  pressure:? - J-P drain - Hemovac drain 引流管 - Foley-sump drain:一般不用負壓引流，採free drainage     臨床經驗，負壓引流無特別情況， 術後照護重點： 1. 適當引流及腸胃道減壓 2. 營養建立：需長期靜脈營養？ 七天以上無法給予腸胃道。                         PPNLP\PPNNP\TPN
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[Phsiology] 溶液滲透度osmolaluty & osmolarity

Osmolarity is a measure of the osmoles of solute per liter of solution, while the osmolality is a measure of the osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent . from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmolarity Plasma osmolality Plasma osmolality is a measure of the concentration of substances such as sodium , chloride , potassium , urea , glucose , and other ions in human blood . It is calculated as the osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Normal osmolality in plasma is about 280 - 303 milli-osmoles per kilogram. It is affected by changes in water content. To calculate plasma osmolarity (osmolality) use the following equation: P osm = 2[Na + ] + [Glucose]/18 + [ BUN ]/2.8 The above equation holds true if the glucose & ureas blood chemistry units are given as: mg/dL. If the units are given as: mmol/l; then the calculated osmolality is given by: P .OSM = 2[NA] + 2[K+] + [Urea] + [Glucose] Osmolality can be measured on an analytical instrument called an Osmometer....
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慢性腎臟疾病(Chronic Kidney Disease)

renal  failure、kidney failure，或renal insufficiency 何時追蹤腎功能 利尿劑打法劑量: Cr * 20mg rasital Pump 240 QD drip IV 80 Q8H  Chronic Kidney disease Stage I II III  IV CRF V ESRD 參考資料和相關連結 https://www.nhi.gov.tw/ch/cp-12251-7c5c3-3428-1.html http://www.capd.org.tw/index.php/ckd_info/ Keyword: 慢性腎臟病、慢性腎病變、腎衰竭、 ESRD, RF, CKD, KDIGO, HD 和末期腎臟疾病(Chronic Kidney Disease & End-)腎功能不全(Renal Failure, )
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